Python 101: Operators

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 An operator in a programming language is a symbol that tells the compiler or interpreter to perform specific mathematical, relational or logical operation and produce final result. 

There are seven main types of operators in python, they are:

1. arithmetic operators
2. bitwise operators
3. membership operators
4. identity operators
5. comparison operators
6. assignment operators
7. logical operators

Arithmetic Operators

These operators are used to carry out mathematical operations in a program.

Operator	Description	Syntax
+	Addition	a+b
-	Subtraction	a-b
/	Division	a/b
*	Multiplication	a*b
**	Exponential	a**b
%	Modulus	a%b
//	Floor division(ignores decimal)	a//b

Bitwise Operators

These operators are used to manipulate individual bits in a program

OPERATORS	DESCRIPTIONS	SYNTAX	OUTPUT
&	Binary AND	a&b	copies a bit if it exists in both operands
|	Binary OR	a|b	copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
^	Binary XOR	a^b	copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
~	Binary One’s Complement	a~b	Unary operation of flipping bits
<<	Binary Left Shift	a<<b	The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
>>	Binary Right Shift	a>>b	left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

Membership Operators

These operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object

Operators	Meaning	Syntax
in	Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object	x in y
not in	Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object	x not in y

Identity Operators

These operators are used to determine the class or type of the operand

Operators	Meaning	Syntax
is	returns True if the type of the value in y points to the same type in the x.	x is y
is not	returns True if the type of the value in y points to a different type than the value in the x	x is not y

Comparison (Relational) Operators

These operators are used to determine the relationships between operands

Operators	Meaning	Syntax
==	returns True if a and b are equal	(a == b)
!=	returns True if a and b are not equal	(a != b)
>	returns True if the value of a is greater than that of b	(a > b)
<	returns True if the value of a is less than that of b	(a < b)
>=	returns True if the value of a is greater than or equal to that of b	(a >= b)
<=	returns True if the value of a is less than or equal to that of b	(a <= b)

Assignment Operators

These operators are used to assign values to variables

Operators	Meaning	Syntax
=	equal to	c = a + b
+=	add to and assign	c += a
-=	subtract from and assign	c -= a
*=	multiply and assign	c *= a
/=	divide and assign	c /= a
%=	modulus and assign	c %= a
**=	exponent and assign	c **= a
//=	floor division and assign	c //= a

logical Operators

These operators are used to combine conditional statements. These operators implement the logic gates theory into our program.

Operators	Meaning	Syntax
AND	a condition is true if both a and b are true	a and b
OR	a condition is true if either a and b are true	a or b
NOT	Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true	not a